LPILE 2022
List of new features includes:
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Concentrated Loads (Shear and/or Bending Moment) can
be applied at any number of points along the length of the pile
(either above or below ground line).
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As a general check, the
3D View feature in LPILE allows
users for a quick visualization of their model, including
location of any applied concentrated loads along the pile length.
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For short piles or shafts of large diameter, users of LPile can specify
and evaluate the impact of any
Side Resistance that may be developed along the pile length.
Contact-friction forces are envisioned in blue color (Fs) in the
linked schematics.
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Introduction of a new p-y criteria labeled
Small Strain Sand provided to fine tune the nonlinear response of sands
under very small displacements. This is usually of most concern for piles
used in structures that are mostly responding within the early part
(small deformations) of the sand criteria.
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LPile users can now evaluate in one model the effects of
Varying Pile Penetrations. This is very helpful for a quick graphical
observation of the effects of pile length in lateral movement, shear and bending moment
distribution along the pile.
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User-specified options for definition of
Ground Slope has now been expanded so as to include the option of
a slope on both sides or only on one side of the pile.
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Pushover analyses of elasto-plastic pile sections can now easily display
and stop analyses if a second
plastic hinge is formed in any load case.
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Added the optional internal estimation of
shear capacity and resistance factors of pile sections following the recommedations
from the ACI 318 code.
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In LRFD models the new feature of shear estimation provides
internal tabular Pass/Fail checks of multiple load combinations
in the output text file.
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Entry of loads for models with
Multiple Load Cases (up to 100) are now easier with Copy/Paste
from spreadsheet tables or selection of external csv files with load definitions.
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Users of LPile with elastic pile models can now select to study the influence of
Shear Deformation (effects of transverse shear stresses).
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All changes to any output plot/graphics (titles, legends, etc) done by
the user are now associated and saved with the LPile model and remain available when
re-opening the same file.
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Other minor changes were made throughout the program interface to improve
data input and output displays.
LPILE 2019
Incorporate new features including
- Equivalent Elastoplastic Moment Curvature. This is a
definition used by engineers and consultants in seismic
areas (based in technical documentation from CALTRANS) to
define the formation of plastic hinges in piles analyzed
under extreme loading or for push-over analyses. The
post-hinge behavior is clearly defined in the deflection
curves for pushover models.
- EnCPT Import. Ability to open data files with complete
soil layering and properties defined by the
new EnCPT v2019 program.
This separate program allows geotechnical consultants to
offer to their clients new services for detailed
interpretation of their CPT tests into various layering
and soil properties that can be used quickly and
customized in LPILE v2019 models.
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Optional input of a linear-elastic or nonlinear
moment-vs-rotation curve at the pile tip that can be used
to account for the response of short or very large
diameter piles.
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Standard list of CFCC strands are now available for all
prestressed pile sections.
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New option to Extend Printed p-y Curves up to
Maximum Demand Displacement (under the Data > Program
Options and Settings > Generate p-y Curves at User
-Specified Depths). With a checkmark on this new option,
the program will print the p-y curves after the
analyses are completed and it will extend the p-y
curve to the maximum demanded displacement (for all load
cases).
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Improved computations of buckling to take into account
increased flexural stiffness with increased axial loads in
concrete sections (Data > Program Options and Settings >
Compute Pile Buckling Analysis). Also added a new feature
for users to specify a minimum compression load for
buckling analysis.
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New 3D View graphics to easily observe and present LPILE
models and main results (in outline graphics with optional
display of maximum values).
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LPILE now keeps applicable values/properties of soils
when users change the soil types. This is helpful to
speed up unnecessary repeats of data entry.
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When inserting a new row entry of pile loads/boundary
conditions the program now reproduces the entry that is
just above the new row. This can help users entering
similar load/boundary conditions.
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Improvements were made to calculations of rebar
stress/strain in section analyses.
LPILE 2018
Incorporate new features including
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Estimate the moment-curvature for shafts with cores using
H (weak or strong) sections
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Estimate the moment-curvature for piles using H (weak or
strong) sections
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Option to include or exclude the layering correction for
models with multiple soil layers
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Use different p-y curve for soil resistance and soil
pressure while using sloping ground and soil movement
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Provides ability to analyze models with multiple load
cases independently and produce results or warning if one
or more load case fails to reach numerical convergence
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Program checks factored moment capacity with ACI-318 based
factors in Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) models
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Allows for the analysis of embedded piles with pile head
that is below one or more soil layers
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Provides feature to include any AISC section for nonlinear
or elastic pile models either as driven piles or embedded
structural inserts on drilled shafts
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Structural model of pile sections can now include the
confinement effect for rectangular and circular s hafts
for moment-curvature analyses following
the Mander, Priestley, and Park (1998) model
for confined concrete
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LPILE can now automatically build the full interaction
diagram for all sections
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Provides feature to turn off layering computations for all
cases or only when soils are of the same type to help in
studying layering impact on models
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Include option to directly export plots to Microsoft Excel
with pre-formatted tabs for numerical values and graphs
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Longitudinal reinformcent can now be selected with
user-defined bar area
LPILE 2016
Release cycle for LPILE 2016 extended from year 2016 through
2017.
Incorporate new features including
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Include p-y curves for the hybrid model for liquefied sand
developed by Franke and Rollins
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Includes new error checkings
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Include option to add additional sizes of reinforcing
steel, including hollow bars and pipes
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Option to run multiple input files sequentially (batch
run)
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Option to drag and drop input files into LPILe for quick
opening
LPILE 2015
Incorporate new features including
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Include new implementation of p-y curve for massive rock
developed by
Liang et al (2009)
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Inlcude new feature to analyze multiple distributed
loading profiles and multiple soil movement profiles
defined for different load cases in conventional analysis
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Include option to input and a section's shear capacity for
evaluation in Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
analyses
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Soil layer provfiles added to all speed graphs displaying
pile performance results versus depth
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Include feature to import load test data for pile-head
shear versus lateral deflection and bending moment versus
depth for comparison to computed results
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Improved user interface
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Combination of graphs of pile deflection, bending moment,
and shear force versus depth and pile deflection, pile
curvature, bending moment versus depth, and modification
of existing graphcs of soil movements versus depth to show
multiple soil movement profiles
LPILE 2013
Release cycle for LPILE 2016 extended from year 2016 through
2017.
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Option to modify the controls used for pile-head stiffness
matrix values to permit more choices by the user over how
the computations are controlled
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Include an automatic pushover analysis control that
permits the user to perform pushover analyses using
pile-head fixity options that are either free-head,
fixed-head, or both for a range of pile-head displacements
controlled by the user.
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Include an option to perform automatic pile buckling
analysis with options for different pile-head fixity
conditins.
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Improve user interface to improve access to commonly used
menus and graphs as well as editing different types of
data, and an option to check with Ensoft's website for new
updates to LPILE.
LPILE 2012
Starting with LPILE 2012, a new approach for indicating the
version and release number of the LPILE that includes three
digits. First set of numbers is the calendar year of the
release of the program, second set is the fdata file format
version, and the third set of numbers indicate the release
version of the program since the data file format number was
introduced.
LPILE 6 (2010)
Release cycle for LPILE 6 extended from year 2011 through
2012. Highlights from this version include
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Significant improvements over the felxural rigidity
computation of piles to provide more numerically robust
procedures under which moment-curvature relationships are
generally smoother and in case of reinforced concrete
sections slightly sitffer and stronger
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Input dialogs for structural sections now show the
cross-section of the pile that automatically updates to
illustrate a schematic view of the section. Cross-section,
number, and type of reinforcement are drawn to scale
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Either US customary units (lbs, inches, and feet) or SI
units (kN, millimeters, and meters) may be used for
specifying and displaying data
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Twelve p-y criteria for different types of soil and rock
are included
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General improvements of input dialogs to aid users
including default values for input properties, as well as
hints and notes to assist data entry
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Feature over 175 error and warning messages making to
improve experience for occasional users.
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Ship with ability to perform analyses for Load and
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Up to 100 load
combinations may be defined and up to 100 unfactored loads
may be defined. Load case combinations are defined by
entering the load factors for each load type and the
resistance factors for both flexure and shear.
LPILE Plus 5 (2004)
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Major release to providing more versatility
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Include two additional p-y criteria
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Specfying soil movement is now standard
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Introduce the ability toprepare various engineering plots
in high quality for presentation and reports
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Include option to define multiple sections with nonlinear
bending properties, allowing the designer to place
reinforcing steel on sefctions of a drilled shaft as
needed, depending on computed fvalues of bending moment
and shear
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Include option to enter externally computed moment vs. EI
curves for multiple sections
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Provide ability to analyze the behavior of piles subjected
to free-field soil movement in lateral direction. Free
field displacements are soil motions that may be
introduced by earthquake, nearby excavations, or induced
by unstable soils
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Implement p-y criteria for liquefiable sand developed by
Rollins, et al. (2005a) , and
Rollins, et
al. (2005b)
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Implement p-y criteria for stiff clay with user-specified
initial k values, recommended by
Brown
LPILE Plus 4/4M (2000)
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Major release providing compatibility with Windows NT, 95,
98, and 2000 and significant performance
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Provides ability to generate and take into account
nonlinear values of flexural stiffness (EI) generated
internally by the program based on cracked/uncracked
concrete behavior and user-specified pile dimensions, and
material properties for reinforced concrete sections
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Provides a new feature for analyzing prestressed concrete
sections.
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Provides ability to specify both deflection and rotation
at the pile as a new set of boundary conditions
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Provides ability to perform pushover analyses and analyze
pile behavior after a formation of a plastic hinge
(yielding).
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Provides more than 100 error-checking messages to guide
the user.
LPILE Plus 3M (1998)
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Provides the functionality for specifying profile of soil
movements versus depth as additional loading on
piles. Soil movements of the soil may be produced from any
action that causes soil movements such as movements due to
slope instability, lateral spreading during earthquakes,
and seepage forces
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Provides new functionality for inputting nonlinear curves
of bending stiffness versus bending moment for different
pile sections, enabling analysis of piles with varying
structural properties along their depths
LPILE Plus 3 (1997)
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Major improvements over the graphical user interface (GUI)
for Windows 85 and Windows NT, including new interactive
output graphs.
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Provides new soil criterion for weak rock, primarily
applicable to the weathered sandstone, claystone, and
limestone with uniaxial compressive strenths of less than
1,000 psi
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Includes an option to compute pile-head deflection versus
pile length, providing graph of pile length versus
pile-head deflection that is helpful for determining the
critical pile length
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New feature provides values for a foundation stiffness
matrix that may be used in structural analysis models for
a certain range of loads, providing incremental loading
versus foundation stiffness components.
LPILE Plus 2 (1995)
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Preprocessor program used with a mouse with pull-down
menu, dialog boxes, grid tables, and push buttons to
improve data entry process and user experience.
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Provides a new feature for specfifying rebar areas at each
location.
LPILE Plus 1 (1994)
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Provides input preprocessor and output post-processor
developed specifically for the Windows operating system.
LPILE Plus 1 for MS-DOS (1993)
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New technology for pile foundations enabled the
incorporation of nonlinear properties for the pile's
flexural rigidity during analysis of their lateral
deflections
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Provides a capabilities of LPILE 4.0 and STIFF
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Improve solution for flexibility of a pile under lateral
loading by providing capability to take into account the
flexural rigidity of uncracked and cracked sections
LPILE 4.0 for MS-DOS (1993)
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Provides new p-y criteria for cemented soils whose
strength is represented using both cohesion and friction
angle
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Provides new p-y criteria for sand based on the
recommendations of the
Americal Petroleum
Institute's API-RPA2 (1987)
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Provides new p-y procedures for including the effect of
sloping ground on p-y curves for clays and sands
LPILE 4.0 for MS-DOS (1989)
Provides major improvements in user experience and
ease-of-use by providing input data editor featuring
pull-down menus, input tables, and on-screen help commands.
Color graphics for CGA, EGA, and CGA displays added to the
output graphics post-processor program.
Provides new p-y criteria for vuggy limestone/rock
Provides new options for modifying internally-generated p-y
curves for group action effects
Allows the pile head to be positioned either above or below
ground surface
LPILE 2.0 for MS-DOS (1987)
With the introduction
of improved graphics hardware for personal compuers such as
color graphics mmonitors and an improved processor on IBM
AT-class computers, the features for graphical display of
computed pile deflection, bending m oment, shear and soil
resistance became desirable for engineering software. LPILE
2.0 was introduced in 1987 with a commpanion graphics
program. Improvements were also made on the main program and
input data editor
LPILE 1.0 for MS-DOS (1986)
When the IBM XT personal computer was introduced in 1984,
Dr. Lymon C. Reese,
the founder of
Ensoft, Inc., foresaw the benfits and improvements in analysis
and design of pile foundations using improved computer
software. The development of LPILE for its first commercial
distribution was begun in 1985 and completed in 1986. The
general theory and methodology of LPILE 1.0 was similar in
features to COM624, which was run on large mainframe
computers. LPILE was completely rewritten using a new solver
and features were provided for interactive input. LPILE was
developed for analyzing single piles and drilled shafts under
lateral loading. This version of LPILE was compiled using the
IBM Fortran compiler to run on the IBM XT personal
computer. LPILE Version 1.0 provided the following key
features
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Generate p-y curves internally for soft clay, stiff clay
with free water,, stiff clay without free water, and
sand. The program also allowed users to input user-defined
p-y curves for a selected layer
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Modifications of the p-y curves for layered soils were
introduced in the program on the recommendations of
Georgiadis (1983)
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A total of four boundary conditions and loading types were
available for the pile head. Distributed loading could
also be specified at any pile depth
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An interactive input provided for the user to prepare the
input data step-by-step
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An analysis feature was provided for including
tip-resistance curves